{"id":8616,"date":"2020-07-06T16:30:41","date_gmt":"2020-07-06T14:30:41","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/lider-agro.md\/?p=8616"},"modified":"2020-07-06T16:30:41","modified_gmt":"2020-07-06T14:30:41","slug":"in-atentia-agricultorilor-buha-fructificatiilor-heliothis-armigera","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lider-agro.md\/?p=8616","title":{"rendered":"\u00cen aten\u021bia agricultorilor: buha fructifica\u021biilor (Heliothis armigera)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Condi\u021biile climaterice din anul curent favorizeaz\u0103 dezvoltarea \u0219i r\u0103sp\u00e2ndirea\u00a0<strong>buhei fructifica\u0163iilor (<em>Heliothis armigera<\/em>)<\/strong>, un d\u0103un\u0103tor periculos al multor culturi agricole.<\/p>\n<p>Buha fructifica\u021biilor atac\u0103 peste 120 specii de plante cultivate \u015fi spontane, cum ar fi tomatele, porumbul, tutunul, ardeiul, v\u00e2n\u0103ta, soia, fasolea, maz\u0103rea, n\u0103utul etc. Omizile atac\u0103 toate organele verzi ale plantelor: frunzele, l\u0103starii, tulpinile, \u0219i \u00een special florile, fructele \u0219i semin\u0163ele.<\/p>\n<p>Fluturii au anvergura aripilor de 30-40 mm, \u0219i lungimea corpului de 12-18 mm, cu culoarea variat\u0103 &#8212; de la galben\u0103 cenu\u0219ie p\u00e2n\u0103 la brun\u0103-\u00eenchis\u0103.<\/p>\n<p>Oul este de form\u0103 sferic\u0103, machiat, de culoare alb\u0103, cu diametrul de 0,5-0,6 mm.<\/p>\n<p>Larva omid\u0103 adev\u0103rat\u0103, p\u00e2n\u0103 la 35-40 mm lungime, de culoare galben-crem sau verzuie p\u00e2n\u0103 la cafeniu-\u00eenchis, cu trei dungi late longitudinal.<\/p>\n<p>Larvele \u00een dezvoltarea lor trec prin cinci stadii larvare, iar la completa dezvoltare acestea au lungimea de 35-40 mm.<\/p>\n<p>Pupa de culoare brun\u0103-\u00eenchis\u0103, oval alungit\u0103 de 15-20 mm lungime.<\/p>\n<p>\u00cen condi\u021biile \u021b\u0103rii noastre dezvolt\u0103 2-3 genera\u021bii pe an. Ierneaz\u0103 \u00een stadiu de pup\u0103 \u00een sol, la ad\u00e2ncimea de 4-10 cm.<\/p>\n<p>Pe parcursul lunilor de var\u0103-toamn\u0103 se vor dezvolta dou\u0103 genera\u021bii ale d\u0103un\u0103torului, de aceea se vor \u00eent\u00e2lni toate stadiile de dezvoltare ale d\u0103un\u0103torului.<\/p>\n<p>La porumb la \u00eenceput larvele d\u0103uneaz\u0103 m\u0103tasea. Ulterior d\u0103uneaz\u0103 boabele aflate \u00een faza de lapte, situate la v\u00e2rful \u015ftiuletelui. Ulterior acestea p\u0103trund sub\u00a0 p\u0103nu\u0219i, unde prezint\u0103 perfora\u021bii \u00een zona superioar\u0103, \u00een locul unde larvele au p\u0103truns \u00een interiorul \u0219tiule\u021bilor de porumb. \u00cen perioada hr\u0103nirii lor, larvele elimin\u0103 excrementele la exterior, ce u\u0219or sunt vizibile \u00een perioada identific\u0103rii d\u0103un\u0103torului. Pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 dauna direct\u0103 pe\u00a0 care o produc larvele \u00een timpul hr\u0103nirii, \u00a0atacul d\u0103un\u0103torului constituie o poart\u0103 de \u00a0p\u0103trundere a infec\u0163iilor din genul\u00a0<em>Fusarium<\/em>\u00a0sau\u00a0<em>Aspergillus.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>La culturile legumicole sau leguminoase larvele p\u0103trund \u00een interiorul fructelor sau p\u0103st\u0103ilor \u0219i rod galerii mari, sub form\u0103 de cavit\u0103\u0163i neregulate, inclusiv consum\u0103 semin\u0163ele \u00een formare l\u0103s\u00e2nd numeroase excremente, f\u0103c\u00e2ndu-le improprii pentru consum. De regul\u0103, o singur\u0103 larv\u0103 atac\u0103 mai multe fructe sau p\u0103st\u0103i, migr\u00e2nd din unul \u00een altul, din care cauz\u0103 acestea pot fi compromise total.<\/p>\n<p><strong>M\u0103suri de combatere<\/strong>. \u00cen scopul diminu\u0103rii nocivit\u0103\u021bii larvelor, la \u00eenceputul \u015fi la depunerea \u00een mas\u0103 a ou\u0103lor, se recomand\u0103 de efectuat lansarea trichogramei, cu normele recomandate de laboratoarele biologice.<\/p>\n<p>\u00cen perioada de vegeta\u0163ie, c\u00e2nd larvele se retrag \u00een sol pentru \u00eempupare, se recomand\u0103 prelucrarea repetat\u0103 a solului dintre r\u00e2ndurile plantelor cu cultivatorul pentru distrugerea acestei rezerve biologice.<\/p>\n<p>\u00cen reducerea densit\u0103\u021bii d\u0103un\u0103torului un rol important are lupta cu buruienile.<\/p>\n<p>La depistarea a peste 10 ou\u0103 (\u00eentunecate la culoare) \u015fi larve proasp\u0103t eclozate la 100 plante, se vor efectua tratamente chimice, utiliz\u0103nd unul din insecticidele omologate la cultur\u0103, conform Registrului de Stat al produselor de uz\u00a0 fitosanitar \u015fi al fertilizan\u0163ilor permise pentru utilizare \u00een Republica Moldova.<\/p>\n<p>La efectuarea tratamentelor chimice \u00een cultura porumbului \u00eempotriva buhei fructifica\u021biilor\u00a0<em>(Heliothis armigera)<\/em>, se va reduce densitatea \u0219i nocivitatea sfredelitorului porumbului (<em>Ostrinia nubilalis).<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Pentru a afla mai multe informa\u021bii despre dezvoltarea bolilor \u015fi d\u0103un\u0103torilor, precum \u015fi produsele omologate la anumite culturi, lua\u021bi leg\u0103tura cu inspectorii din\u00a0<\/em><em>subdiviziunile teritoriale pentru Siguran\u021ba Alimentelor<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ansa.gov.md\/ro\/comunicate\/%C3%AEn-aten%C8%9Bia-agricultorilor-buha-fructifica%C8%9Biilor-heliothis-armigera\">ANSA<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Condi\u021biile climaterice din anul curent favorizeaz\u0103 dezvoltarea \u0219i r\u0103sp\u00e2ndirea\u00a0buhei fructifica\u0163iilor (Heliothis armigera), un d\u0103un\u0103tor periculos al multor culturi agricole. Buha fructifica\u021biilor atac\u0103 peste 120 specii de plante cultivate \u015fi spontane, cum ar fi tomatele, porumbul, tutunul, ardeiul, v\u00e2n\u0103ta, soia, fasolea, maz\u0103rea, n\u0103utul etc. Omizile atac\u0103 toate organele verzi ale plantelor: frunzele, l\u0103starii, tulpinile, \u0219i \u00een [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":8617,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[152,197],"class_list":["post-8616","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-1","tag-ansa","tag-buha-fructificatiilor"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/lider-agro.md\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8616","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/lider-agro.md\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/lider-agro.md\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lider-agro.md\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lider-agro.md\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=8616"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/lider-agro.md\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8616\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8618,"href":"https:\/\/lider-agro.md\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8616\/revisions\/8618"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lider-agro.md\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/8617"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/lider-agro.md\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=8616"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lider-agro.md\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=8616"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lider-agro.md\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=8616"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}