{"id":1199,"date":"2018-01-03T23:02:03","date_gmt":"2018-01-03T21:02:03","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/lider-agro.md\/?p=1199"},"modified":"2020-10-18T23:17:53","modified_gmt":"2020-10-18T21:17:53","slug":"galega-orientala-o-planta-netraditionala-de-perspectiva-pentru-republica-moldova","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lider-agro.md\/?p=1199","title":{"rendered":"Galega oriental\u0103 \u2013 o plant\u0103 netradi\u021bional\u0103 de perspectiv\u0103 pentru Republica Moldova?"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a01<\/sup> — Institutul \u0218tiin\u021bifico-Practic de Biotehnologii \u00een Zootehnie \u0219i Medicina Veterinar\u0103<\/em>
2<\/sup> — Gr\u0103dina Botanic\u0103 (Institut) A\u0218M<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Galega oriental\u0103 sau Cium\u0103rea orien\u00adtal\u0103, Galega orientalis Lam. este o spe\u00adcie multianual\u0103 din familia Fabaceae, care cre\u0219te \u00een flora spontan\u0103 \u00een regiunea Kaukazului. \u00cen Moldova a fost creat un soi nou de cium\u0103rea oriental\u0103 \u2013 \u201eSpe\u00adran\u021ba\u201d care este omologat din a.1998 \u00een toate zonele, care \u00een condi\u021bii optimale poate asigura o recolt\u0103 de mas\u0103 ver\u00adde de circa 600-900 q\/ha pe parcursul a 10-14 ani de o calitate superioar\u0103 \u0219i permite extinderea conveierului verde prim\u0103vara devreme \u0219i toamna t\u00e2rziu cu 20-25 zile. Astfel, la \u00eenceputul lunii mai, plantele ating \u00een\u0103l\u0163imea de 70 cm \u015fi asigur\u0103 o recolt\u0103 de 30-39 t\/ha mas\u0103 proasp\u0103t\u0103, iar recolta total\u0103 din 2-4 coase poate atinge 90 t\/ha sau 20-22 t\/ ha mas\u0103 uscat\u0103, grad \u00eenalt de \u00eenfrunzire care la prima coas\u0103 poate atinge 60% din masa total\u0103, frunzele nu se scutur\u0103 la uscare. Capacitate \u00eenalt\u0103 de revigo\u00adrare a cre\u015fterii dup\u0103 recoltare \u0219i chel\u00adtuieli minime de \u00eentre\u0163inere. Contribuie substan\u0163ial la \u00eembog\u0103\u0163irea solului cu substan\u0163e organice \u015fi azot, \u00eennobileaz\u0103 structura \u015fi propriet\u0103\u0163ile lui fizice.<\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00centroducerea pe larg \u00een Moldova a plan\u00adtei furajere netradi\u021bionale Galega ori\u00adental\u0103, bogat\u0103 \u00een substan\u021be nutritive \u0219i biologic active, este una din posibilit\u0103\u00ad\u021bile de a l\u0103rgi spectrul de surse furajere \u0219i de a diversifica alimenta\u021bia animale\u00adlor cu \u021belul de a spori calitatea ra\u021biilor utilizate \u00een hrana lor pe tot parcursul anului.<\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Deoarece \u00een ultimii ani diver\u0219i agen\u021bi economici tot mai insistent promo\u00adveaz\u0103 aceast\u0103 cultur\u0103 prin propune\u00adrea materialului semincier, noi, cer\u00adcet\u0103torii \u0219tiin\u021bifici de la I\u0218PBZMV\u0219i de la Gr\u0103dina Botanic\u0103 (Institut) a A\u0218M \u00een colaborare cu speciali\u0219tii din SRL \u201eDoksancom\u201d am efectuat lucr\u0103ri de cercetare asupra studierii calit\u0103\u021bii fura\u00adjere a masei vegetale verzi, f\u00e2najului \u0219i f\u00e2nului ob\u021binute din Galega oriental\u0103. Ca varianta martor a servit plantele de lucern\u0103. Analizele de laborator au inclus determinarea urm\u0103torilor in\u00addici: umiditatea prim\u0103 \u0219i hidroscopic\u0103, con\u021binutul azotului, a proteinei brute, gr\u0103simei brute, celulozei brute, cenu\u0219ei brute, a substan\u021belor extractive neazo\u00adtate \u00een stare natural\u0103, uscat\u0103 \u0219i absolut uscat\u0103 a probelor.<\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00cen condi\u021bii de laborator, semiproduce\u00adre \u0219i producere din Galega oriental\u0103 au fost preparate c\u00e2teva variante de f\u00e2naj \u00een care au fost determinate componen\u021ba chimic\u0103, indicele pH, con\u021binutul acizilor organici \u2013lactic, acetic, butiric precum \u0219i indicii organoleptici: miros, culoare, consisten\u021b\u0103.<\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Calitatea f\u00e2nului ob\u021binut a fost apreciat\u0103 dup\u0103 componen\u021ba chimic\u0103 \u0219i corespun\u00adderea cerin\u021belor standardului Moldo\u00advean.<\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Pe parcursul cercet\u0103rilor de mai mul\u021bi ani a fost studiat\u0103 evolu\u021bia con\u021binutului de substan\u021be nutritive \u00een planta Galega oriental\u0103 \u00een dependen\u021b\u0103 de faza onto\u00adgenetic\u0103 de dezvoltare.<\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Datele tabelului 1 \u0219i a fig. 1 \u0219i 2 demon\u00adstreaz\u0103 c\u0103 masa vegetal\u0103 verde a plan\u00adtei netradi\u021bionale Galega oriental\u0103 se caracterizeaz\u0103 printr-un nivel ridicat al umidit\u0103\u021bii, \u00eencep\u00e2nd cu 87,48% \u00een faza de butonizare trec\u00e2nd la 86,43% la apari\u021bia primelor inflorescen\u021be \u0219i treptat sc\u0103z\u00e2nd p\u00e2n\u0103 la 81,93% la \u00een\u00adceputul \u00eenflorii.<\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Corespunz\u0103tor \u0219i con\u021binutul substan\u00ad\u021bei uscate cre\u0219te treptat de la 12,52% \u00een faza de butonizare p\u00e2n\u0103 la 13,57% la demararea \u00eenflorii \u0219i 18,07% la \u00een\u00adflorire. Comparativ cu lucerna, Galega oriental\u0103 are un con\u021binut mai ridicat de umiditate \u00een faza de butonizare \u2013 87,48% fa\u021b\u0103 de 80,69% la lucern\u0103, respectiv nivelul de substan\u021be uscate scazute — 19,31% \u00een lucern\u0103 fa\u021b\u0103 de nu\u00admai 12,52% la Galega oriental\u0103.<\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Este semnificativ faptul c\u0103 con\u021binutul de protein\u0103 brut\u0103 \u00een substan\u021b\u0103 usca\u00adt\u0103 de Galega oriental\u0103 este destul de \u00eenalt \u0219i constituie \u00een perioada de buto\u00adnizare \u2013 20,56% cu o sc\u0103dere treptat\u0103 p\u00e2n\u0103 la 17,5% la demarcare \u00eenfloririi \u0219i 15,13% \u00een faza de \u00eenflorire deplin\u0103. Da\u00adtele referitoare la con\u021binutul proteinei brute \u00een faza de butonizare la Galega oriental\u0103 sunt comparabile cu datele de la lucern\u0103 \u00een aceia\u0219i faz\u0103 de vege\u00adta\u021bie, care con\u021bine 20,44% de protein\u0103 brut\u0103 \u00een substan\u021ba uscat\u0103.<\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Con\u021binutul de gr\u0103sime brut\u0103 \u00een sub\u00adstan\u021ba uscat\u0103 a plantei Galega orien\u00adtal\u0103 variaz\u0103 de la 3,01 p\u00e2n\u0103 \u0219i 3,51% \u0219i este pu\u021bin mai sc\u0103zut ca la lucer\u00adn\u0103-4,4%. Nivelul cenu\u0219ei brute dease\u00admenea este mai \u00eenalt la lucern\u0103 \u2013 9,7% fa\u021b\u0103 de 7,02-7,98% la Galega. Dup\u0103 con\u021binutul de substan\u021be extractiv nea\u00adzotate (SEN) diferen\u021be esen\u021biale nu sau depistate. Acest indice variind de la 29,98 \u0219i p\u00e2n\u0103 la 35,13% la Galega oriental\u0103 comparativ cu 32,92% la lu\u00adcern\u0103.<\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Con\u021binutul de celuloz\u0103 brut\u0103 \u00een sub\u00adstan\u021be uscat\u0103 constituie 29,01% la Galega \u0219i 25,34% la lucern\u0103 \u00een perioa\u00adda de butonizare. Odat\u0103 cu trecerea acestei faze ontogenetice de dezvol\u00adtare nivelul de celuloz\u0103 brut\u0103 la Ga\u00adlega oriental\u0103 cre\u0219te p\u00e2n\u0103 la 34,45% \u00een perioda de \u00eenflorire. \u00cen colaborare cu savan\u021bii din Rom\u00e2nia am avut po\u00adsibilitatea s\u0103 determin\u0103m \u0219i frac\u021biile de fibre acid detergente (ADF), neitral detergente (NDF) \u0219i a ligninei (ADL). Datele ob\u021binute demonstreaz\u0103, c\u0103 pe parcursul vegeta\u021bie de la butonizare la \u00eenflorire, cre\u0219te con\u021binutul frac\u021biilor nedigerabile cum este ADL de la 3,9 la 6,3% sau de 1,6 ori. Frac\u021biile ADF \u0219i NDF de asemenea sporesc de la 28,8% \u00een prima faz\u0103 p\u00e2n\u0103 la 37,7% \u00een ultima faz\u0103, sau cu 8,9% \u0219i corespunz\u0103tor NDF de la 46,5% p\u00e2n\u0103 la 57,9% sau cu 11,4%.<\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Utiliz\u00e2nd aceste date \u0219i metode cu\u00adnoscute a fost estimat\u0103 digestibili\u00adtatea masei organice \u0219i a substantei uscate la Galega oriental\u0103. Astfel, \u00een experien\u021ba efectuat\u0103 digestibilitatea masei organice (DMO) la plantele aflate \u00een perioada de butonizare a constituit 77,9%, \u00een perioada de\u00admar\u0103rii \u00eenflorii- 69,9% \u0219i la \u00eenflorire deplin\u0103 acest indice a sc\u0103zut p\u00e2n\u0103 la 58,9%. Asem\u0103n\u0103tor se schimb\u0103 \u0219i digestibilitatea substan\u021bei uscate (DSO) de la 82,0 p\u00e2n\u0103 la 72,2 \u0219i co\u00adrespunz\u0103tor fazei ontogenetice de devoltare 57,9%.<\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Deci, datele ob\u021binute confirm\u0103 faptul c\u0103 Galega oriental\u0103 este ra\u021bional de colectat \u00een fazele timpurii de dezvol\u00adtare deoare ce \u00een aceast\u0103 perioad\u0103 ea este o plant\u0103 furajer\u0103 pre\u021bioas\u0103 cu un nivel \u00eenalt de protein\u0103 brut\u0103, o digesti\u00adbilitate \u00eenalt\u0103 a substan\u021belor nutritive.<\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Evaluarea organoleptic\u0103 a f\u00e2najului preparat din Galega oriental\u0103 \u00een con\u00addi\u021bii de laborator, semiproducere \u0219i producere este prezentat\u0103 \u00een tabelul 2.<\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0F\u00e2najul preparat din Galega oriental\u0103 \u00een condi\u021bii de laborator, semiproduce\u00adre \u0219i producere dup\u0103 cum vedem \u00een tab. 2 se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin indici or\u00adganoleptici asem\u0103n\u0103tori \u0219i foarte buni. Culoarea f\u00e2najului din Galega orienta\u00adl\u0103 a fost de la galben p\u00e2n\u0103 la cafenie, mirosul pl\u0103cut de de fructe \u0219i legume murate, consisten\u021ba masei ini\u021biale sa p\u0103strat bine f\u0103r\u0103 mucegai \u0219i muco\u00adzit\u0103\u021bi. Deci, f\u00e2najul din Galega orien\u00adtal\u0103 preg\u0103tit \u00een condi\u021bii de laborator, semiproducere \u0219i producere conform standardului Moldovean corespunde clasei I de calitate.<\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Indicele acidit\u0103\u021bii active (pH) a f\u0103najul din Galega oriental\u0103 preparat \u00een con\u00addi\u021bii de laborator sa axat \u00een limitele 5,64 unit\u0103\u021bi, \u00een condi\u021bii de semiprodu\u00adcere 5,18 unit\u0103\u021bi \u0219i \u00een condi\u021bii de pro\u00adducere — 4,2 (tab.3).<\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Suma acizilor organici acumula\u021bi \u00een procesul de fermenta\u021bie \u00een condi\u021bii anaerobe a variat \u00eentre 5,27-3,33%. De men\u021bionat c\u0103, acidul lactic care este cel mai dorit sa acumulat \u00een propor\u00ad\u021bie de 89,37-83,62% din suma acizilor organici. Este semnificativ faptul c\u0103 acizii lactic \u0219i acetic acumula\u021bi se afl\u0103 \u00een mare parte \u00een form\u0103 fixat\u0103 ce de ase\u00admenea este un factor pozitiv.<\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Lipsa acidului butiric \u00een probele de f\u00e2naj de asemenea contribuie la cali\u00adtatea \u00eenalt\u0103 a furajului ob\u021binut. Deci, datele ob\u021binute cu privire la con\u021binu\u00adtul \u0219i corela\u021bia acizilor organici precum \u0219i ai indicelui pH \u00een plus demonstreaz\u0103 faptul c\u0103, din planta furajer\u0103 netradi\u00ad\u021bional\u0103 Galega oriental\u0103 este posibil de preparat f\u00e2naj de calitate \u00eenalt\u0103 cu condi\u021bia respect\u0103rii principiilor de preparare pe parcursul etapelor teh\u00adnologice fie \u00een condi\u021bii de laborator, semiproducere sau producere.<\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0F\u00e2nul preparat din Galega oriental\u0103 I coas\u0103 se caracterizeaz\u0103 cu umidita\u00adtea de \u2013 12,75%, con\u021binutul substan\u00ad\u021bei uscate \u2013 87,25%. Substan\u021ba uscat\u0103 con\u021bine azot \u2013 2,62%, protein\u0103 brut\u0103 \u2013 16,38%, gr\u0103sime brut\u0103 \u2013 1,42%, ce\u00adluloz\u0103 brut\u0103 \u2013 37,88%, cenu\u0219\u0103 brut\u0103 \u2013 7,04% SEN \u2013 32,35%, unit\u0103\u021bi nutritive \u00een stare natural\u0103 \u2013 0,53\/kg, caroten \u2013 30,12 mg\/kg.<\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0F\u0103c\u00e2nd o totalizare a cercet\u0103rilor de c\u00e2\u021biva ani, men\u021bion\u0103m c\u0103, dup\u0103 com\u00adponen\u021ba chimic\u0103, valoarea nutritiv\u0103, calitatea furajelor ob\u021binute, Galega ori\u00adental\u0103 este o plant\u0103 furajer\u0103 pre\u021bioas\u0103, multianual\u0103, cu un \u00eenalt nivel al con\u021bi\u00adnutului de protein\u0103, caroten, o p\u0103strare bun\u0103 a frunzelor \u00een f\u00e2n etc. Ce se refer\u0103 la partea agronomic\u0103, referitor la posi\u00adbilit\u0103\u021bile actuale ale tehnologiei de cul\u00adtivare a acestei plante \u00een condi\u021biile pe\u00addoclimaterice ale Republicii Moldova trebuie s\u0103-\u0219i spun\u0103 p\u0103rerea argumenta\u00adt\u0103 agronomii.<\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Dup\u0103 studiile noastre efectuate \u00een perioada 2014-2016 \u00een condi\u021biile gospod\u0103riei SRL \u201eDoksancom\u201d s. To\u00admai rn. Ciad\u00e2r-Lunga aceast\u0103 plant\u0103, \u00een condi\u021biile republicii, nu are condi\u00ad\u021bii optime de dezvoltare (\u00een primul r\u00e2nd din cauza nivelului sc\u0103zut de precipita\u021bii \u0219i temperaturilor \u00eenalte) \u0219i nu poate fi recomandat\u0103 spre im\u00adplementare \u00een practica fermierilor, care nu au posibilitatea de irigare a acestei culturi.<\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Fotografiile de mai jos ne demon\u00adstreaz\u0103 c\u0103 \u00een prim\u0103vara primului an dup\u0103 sem\u0103nat, plantele sau pornit \u00een cre\u0219tere destul de bine. \u00cen perioadele ulterioare ale primului an de cre\u0219tere, c\u00e2t \u0219i anii urm\u0103tori se observ\u0103 c\u0103 din cauza secetei \u0219i temperaturilor \u00eenal\u00adte sem\u0103n\u0103turile ocupate cu aceast\u0103 plant\u0103 se r\u0103resc \u0219i treptat apar goluri mari care sunt ocupate de buruiene, ceia ce duce la sc\u0103derea roadei la ha, c\u00e2t \u0219i calit\u0103\u021bii furajului ob\u021binut.<\/p>\n\n\n

<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a01 — Institutul \u0218tiin\u021bifico-Practic de Biotehnologii \u00een Zootehnie \u0219i Medicina Veterinar\u0103 2 — Gr\u0103dina Botanic\u0103 (Institut) A\u0218M \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Galega oriental\u0103 sau Cium\u0103rea orien\u00adtal\u0103, Galega orientalis Lam. este o spe\u00adcie multianual\u0103 din familia Fabaceae, care cre\u0219te \u00een flora spontan\u0103 \u00een regiunea Kaukazului. \u00cen Moldova a fost creat un soi nou de cium\u0103rea oriental\u0103 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1200,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[23,3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1199","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-lider-agro-6-2017","category-3"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/lider-agro.md\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1199","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/lider-agro.md\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/lider-agro.md\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lider-agro.md\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lider-agro.md\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1199"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/lider-agro.md\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1199\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10015,"href":"https:\/\/lider-agro.md\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1199\/revisions\/10015"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lider-agro.md\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/1200"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/lider-agro.md\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1199"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lider-agro.md\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1199"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lider-agro.md\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1199"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}