{"id":1168,"date":"2018-01-03T20:58:09","date_gmt":"2018-01-03T18:58:09","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/lider-agro.md\/?p=1168"},"modified":"2020-10-20T18:11:46","modified_gmt":"2020-10-20T16:11:46","slug":"controlul-semincer-veriga-importanta-in-obtinerea-roadelor-bogate","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lider-agro.md\/?p=1168","title":{"rendered":"Controlul semincer \u2013 verig\u0103 important\u0103 \u00cen ob\u021binerea roadelor bogate"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0E bine cunoscut faptul c\u0103 pentru ob<\/em><\/strong>\u021b<\/em><\/strong>inerea recoltelor \u00eenalte de calitate superioar\u0103 se cere de \u00eendeplinit un <\/em><\/strong>\u0219<\/em><\/strong>ir de restric<\/em><\/strong>\u021b<\/em><\/strong>ii tehnologice ce creaza un lan<\/em><\/strong>\u021b<\/em><\/strong> important ce trebuie monitorizat.Prima verig\u0103 din acest lan<\/em><\/strong>\u021b<\/em><\/strong> este s\u0103m\u00een<\/em><\/strong>\u021b<\/em><\/strong>a care este elemantul de baz\u0103 \u00een o<\/em><\/strong>\u021b<\/em><\/strong>inerea recoltelor bogate.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0S\u0103m\u00een\u021ba este materialul de \u00eenmul\u021bire a plantelor, \u00een popor aceast\u0103 m\u0103sur\u0103 agrofitotehnioc\u0103 este exprimat\u0103 \u00een zicala \u201cCe semeni, aceea culegi\u201d. Dac\u0103 semin\u021bele sunt de calita\u00adte, r\u0103sar plante mai viguroase, lanul este uniform \u0219i f\u0103r\u0103 goluri, plantele se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin rezisten\u021ba la atacul bolilor \u0219i d\u0103un\u0103torilor, se ob\u021bin recolte mari. Gospod\u0103riile trebuie s\u0103 organizeze ra\u021bional producerea semin\u021belor, s\u0103 ob\u021bin\u0103 anual cantitatea necesar\u0103 de semin\u021be de calitate \u00eenalt\u0103 la toate culturile \u00een vederea asigur\u0103rii depline a su\u00adprafe\u021belor \u00eens\u0103m\u00een\u021bate.<\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Oric\u00eet de valoroase ar fi semin\u021bele unui anumit soi cu timpul mai ales dac\u0103 nu s\u00eent respectate \u00eendeajuns m\u0103surile agroteh\u00adnice ele \u00ee\u0219i perd calit\u0103\u021bile \u00eenr\u0103ut\u0103\u021bindu-se treptat. Deaceea materialul de sem\u0103nat trebuie de re\u00eenoit periodic cu semin\u00ad\u021bele de acela\u0219 soi, dar mai pure \u0219i cu calit\u0103\u021bi mai bune.<\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Gospod\u0103riile agricole seam\u0103n\u0103 semin\u021be de fiecare soi pe lo\u00adturi special, pentru a ob\u021bine semin\u021be \u00een condi\u021biile unei agro\u00adtehnici superioare \u0219i pentru a re\u00eenoi la timp soiul pe toate c\u00eempurile gospod\u0103riei. Fiecare soi raionat poate s\u0103 dea recol\u00adte bogate numai dac\u0103 materialul sem\u0103nat are calit\u0103\u021bi seminal avansate \u0219i corespund cerin\u021belor stabilite. \u00cen raionul H\u00eence\u0219ti de inspec\u021bia semin\u021belor se ocup\u0103 Mihalachi Andrei care este \u0219i \u0219ef de sec\u021bie S\u0103n\u0103tatea Plantelor \u0219i Control Semincer unde sunt \u00eenregistrate 5 gospod\u0103rii semincere. SRL \u201dCatiob\u00eer\u201d sa\u00adtul Calma\u021bui se ocup\u0103 cu producerea porumbului semincer soi Porumbeni 461 MRF-20ha. SRL \u201dDalivat \u2013Trans\u201d dispune de c\u00eempuri semincere ai culturilor de: Lucern\u0103-Ilan \u2013 6 ha, Porumb-MTI 360 MRF \u2013 7,5 ha, Zbruch MRF-7,5 ha, Monica \u2013 5ha. SRL \u201eZimagro-Plus\u201d satul C\u0103rpineni \u2013 porumb: Porum\u00adbeni 457 MRF-75 ha, Porumbeni 450 MRF \u2013 25 ha. SRL \u201eGe\u00adantal \u2013 Agro\u201d satul Crasnoarmeiscoe: Porumb semincer \u2013 Po\u00adrumbeni 459 MRF \u2013 10 ha.<\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0CAP \u201eAgrosargal\u201d satul S\u0103rata-Galben\u0103, griu de toamn\u0103: L\u0103utar \u2013100 ha, Ba\u0219tina \u2013 150 ha, C\u0103priana \u2013 180 ha, Vatra \u2013 130 ha.<\/p>\n

Principalii indici ai calit\u0103<\/strong>\u021b<\/strong>ii semin<\/strong>\u021b<\/strong>elor <\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Puritatea semin\u021belor: o s\u0103m\u00een\u021b\u0103 bun\u0103 trebuie s\u0103 fie curat\u0103, adic\u0103 s\u0103 nu con\u021bin\u0103 corpuri str\u0103ine (semin\u021be de buruieni sau de alte plante de cultur\u0103 sau corpuri inerte etc.., facultatea germinativ\u0103, umeditatea, o anumit\u0103 greutate, de asemenea uniformitatea m\u0103rimii \u0219i a greut\u0103\u021bii. S\u0103m\u00een\u021ba nu trebuie s\u0103 fie infectat\u0103 de boli \u0219i d\u0103un\u0103tori.<\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Controlul calit\u0103\u021bii semin\u021belor se efectuiaz\u0103 \u00een laboratoarele de stat pentru controlul semin\u021belor. \u00cen acest scop la \u00eenceputul ier\u00adnii \u0219i prim\u0103verii c\u00eet \u0219i vara \u00een ce prive\u0219te culturile de toamn\u0103, \u00een toate gospod\u0103riile se iau probe medii din fiecare partid\u0103 de semin\u021be. Toate aceste responsabilit\u0103\u021bi cu privire la prelavarea probelor pentru analiza probelor de laborator, etichetare c\u00eet \u0219i controlul pe parcursul perioadei de vegeta\u021bie, verificarea amplas\u0103rii loturilor semincere, controlul aplic\u0103rii tehnologiilor specific diferitelor soiuri, verificarea purit\u0103\u021bii biologice, con\u00adtrolul loturilor de hibridare \u00eei revine inspectorului semincer al sec\u021biei S\u0103n\u0103tatea Plantelor \u0219i Control Semincer din cadrul Di\u00adrec\u021biilor Raionale pentru Siguran\u021ba Alimentelor.<\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Aprecierea de baz\u0103 a calit\u0103\u021bii sem\u0103natului se efectuiaz\u0103 dup\u0103 r\u0103s\u0103rirea plantelor. Atunci se ia \u00een considerare desimea \u0219i uni\u00adformitatea plantelor \u00een r\u00eenduri, liniaritatea, lipsa gre\u0219urilor \u0219.a.<\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Producerea \u0219i \u00eenmul\u021birea semin\u021belor trebuie s\u0103 se desf\u0103\u0219oare \u00een continuu, deoarece sectorul de produc\u021bie are nevoie de aces\u00adtea \u00een permanen\u021b\u0103. \u00cen acest context controlul semincer este o necesitate indiscutabil\u0103 \u00eentru ob\u021binerea semin\u021belor de calitate.<\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Despre controlul semin\u021belor dateaz\u0103 \u00eenc\u0103 din timpuri str\u0103\u00advechi din anul 1869 c\u00eend marele savant botanist \u0219i fitoteh\u00ad nician german, Fridrih-Nobbe, a organizat \u00een Saxonia prima sta\u021biune de control a semin\u021belor \u00een lume.<\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Urm\u0103toarea sta\u021biune de control a semin\u021belor este deschis\u0103 la 2 decembrie 1877 \u00een gr\u0103dina botanic\u0103 principal\u0103 din Pe\u00adtersburg. Fondatorul ei a fost profesorul Alexandr Fiodoro\u00advici Batalin. \u00cen 1906 a \u00eenceput s\u0103 func\u021bioneze sta\u021biunea de control a semin\u021belor din Harkov. La \u00eenceputul primului r\u0103zboi mondial \u00een Rusia existau deja peste 50 \u00eentreprinderi de con\u00adtrol al semin\u021belor.<\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00cen prezent \u00een Republica Moldova responsabil de control se\u00admincer este Direc\u021bia Control Semincer din cadrul Agen\u021biei Na\u021bionale pentru Siguran\u021ba Alimentelor. ANSA, \u00een conformi\u00adtate cu art.5 din legea despre semin\u021be nr.68 din 05.04.2013, este o autoritate administrativ\u0103, subordonat\u0103 Guvernului Republicii Moldova, care implimenteaz\u0103 politicile de Stat \u00een domeniul producerii, prelucr\u0103rii, controlul calit\u0103\u021bii \u0219i co\u00admercializ\u0103rii semin\u021belor, efectuiaz\u0103 \u00een scop de certificare a semin\u021belor, inspec\u021bii \u00een c\u00eemp pentru a stabili corespunderea identit\u0103\u021bii soiului, purit\u0103\u021bii biologice, valorii culturale, st\u0103rii fitosanitare.<\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00cen 32 de subdiviziuni teritoriale activeaz\u0103 puncte de verifi\u00adcare a calit\u0103\u021bii semin\u021belor, aceste puncte lipsesc \u00een raioane\u00adle Str\u0103\u0219eni, Basarabeasca, Nisporeni, H\u00eence\u0219ti, Dub\u0103sari care sunt deservite de punctele din mun. Chi\u0219in\u0103u \u0219i r-nele Cimi\u0219\u00adlia \u0219i Criuleni.<\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Subdiviziunile teritoriale, \u00een calitatea lor de institu\u021bii publice abilitate \u0219i pentru gestionarea managmentului semin\u021belor \u0219i materialului s\u0103ditor au sarcini directe pentru efectuarea con\u00adtrolului, certific\u0103rii identit\u0103\u021bii \u0219i a calit\u0103\u021bii semin\u021belor, partici\u00adp\u0103 nemijlocit la \u00eenregistrarea, supravegherea \u0219i monitoriza\u00adrea agen\u021bilor economici produc\u0103tori \u0219i furnizori de semin\u021be \u0219i material s\u0103ditor la toate etapele producerii, prelucr\u0103rii \u0219i comercializ\u0103rii ac\u021bion\u00eend \u00een urm\u0103toarele direc\u021bii.<\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Verific\u0103 condi\u021biile de \u00eenregistrare a agen\u021bilor economici pen\u00adtru producerea sau prelucrarea, comercializarea semin\u021belor \u0219i a materialului s\u0103ditor prin \u00eentocmirea unui proces verbal \u00een care propune sau respinge \u00eenregistrarea agentului econo\u00admic, deasemenea propun sistarea activit\u0103\u021bii \u00een cazul \u00eenc\u0103lc\u0103rii Legii despre semin\u021be nr.68 din 05.04.2013.<\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Elaborarea programelor anuale de multiplicare, pe specii, so\u00adiuri \u0219i categorii biologice, \u00een baza declara\u021biilor de multiplicare ale agen\u021bilor economici \u00eenregistra\u021bi c\u00eet \u0219i exercitarea controa\u00adlelor specifice \u00een scopul men\u021binerii calit\u0103\u021bii semin\u021belor la toate verigele de \u00eenmul\u021bire prin personal desemnat de autoritatea oficial na\u021bional\u0103 (ordin anual ANSA privind inspec\u021biile sectoa\u00adrelor de producere a semin\u021belor \u0219i materialului s\u0103ditor).<\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Certificarea final\u0103 a semin\u021belor \u0219i materialului s\u0103ditor \u00een baza declara\u021biilor de certificare ale agen\u021bilor economici \u00eenregistra\u021bi respectiv \u0219i a e\u0219antioanelor prelevate de personalul abilitat al institu\u021biei, precum \u0219i a rezultatelor test\u0103rii oficiale realizate \u00een laborator, prin metodici \u0219i tehnici de lucru standartizate.<\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Monitorizarea agen\u021bilor economici pe parcursul desf\u0103\u0219ur\u0103rii activit\u0103\u021bilor specifice pentru care sunt \u00eenregistra\u021bi, \u00een scopul asigur\u0103rii legalit\u0103\u021bii acestora, constatarea contraven\u021biilor \u0219i aplicarea sanc\u021biunilor prev\u0103zute de Codul Contraven\u021bional.<\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Practica interna\u021bional\u0103 demonstreaz\u0103 c\u0103 materialul semincer din circuitul comercial este certificat \u00een laboratoare pentru testarea semin\u021belor acreditate.\u00cen Republica Moldova, \u00eencep\u00eend cu anul 2009 activeaz\u0103 \u00centre\u00adprinderea de Stat \u201cCentru de Stat pentru Certificarea Materi\u00adalului Semincer\u201d, care are un laborator acreditat pentru testa\u00adrea semin\u021belor \u00een conformitate cu cerin\u021bele Standartului SM SREN ISO\/CEI 17025:2006 \u0219i acreditarea interna\u021bional\u0103-ISTA.<\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0De subliniat c\u0103 actualele inspec\u021bii de stat a semin\u021belor \u00een\u00adf\u0103ptuiesc un lucru mare, contribuind la ob\u021binerea recoltelor \u00eenalte \u0219i la sporirea productivit\u0103\u021bii muncii \u00een agricultur\u0103. Ele \u00eenchee lucrul multianual al amelioratorului \u0219i produc\u0103torului de semin\u021be prin determinarea calit\u0103\u021bilor de sem\u0103nat ale ma\u00adterialului s\u0103ditor \u0219i \u00eel aprob\u0103 pentru utilizare, dac\u0103 corespun\u00adde cerin\u021belor standartului de stat.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n

<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0E bine cunoscut faptul c\u0103 pentru ob\u021binerea recoltelor \u00eenalte de calitate superioar\u0103 se cere de \u00eendeplinit un \u0219ir de restric\u021bii tehnologice ce creaza un lan\u021b important ce trebuie monitorizat.Prima verig\u0103 din acest lan\u021b este s\u0103m\u00een\u021ba care este elemantul de baz\u0103 \u00een o\u021binerea recoltelor bogate. \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0S\u0103m\u00een\u021ba este materialul de \u00eenmul\u021bire a plantelor, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1169,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[27,6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1168","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-lider-agro-8-9-2016","category-6"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/lider-agro.md\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1168","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/lider-agro.md\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/lider-agro.md\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lider-agro.md\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lider-agro.md\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1168"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/lider-agro.md\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1168\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10120,"href":"https:\/\/lider-agro.md\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1168\/revisions\/10120"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lider-agro.md\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/1169"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/lider-agro.md\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1168"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lider-agro.md\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1168"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lider-agro.md\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1168"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}